| Policymaking as puzzling | Policymaking as powering |
---|
Direct informing | Instrumental use | Symbolic use |
Indirect informing | Enlightenment use | Political use |
- The different types of knowledge use can be organised according to whether they inform policies directly or more indirectly. Depending on whether the policy process is about rational ‘puzzling’ for optimal solutions or about organising ‘power’ for decisions, types of knowledge use are different