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Table 3 Risks in distributed symbiotic systems compared to import from full-scale greenhouses

From: Resilience by industrial symbiosis? A discussion on risk, opportunities and challenges for food production in the perspective of the food-energy-water nexus

No.

Name

Compared Resilience

Reason

i

Extreme weather

+

Closed or semi-closed systems more resilient

ii

Employment

?

Data not available

iii

Nexus

+

Better resource efficiency

iv

Disease

+

Closed or semi-closed systems more resilient

v

Environment

+

Symbiotic facilities avoid eutrophication risks

vi

Government

–

Risk exposure in greenhouses to energy tax

vii

Economics

–

Exposure to costs of financing and to anchor industry

i.viii

Supply chain

-

Risk during roll-out before the total distributed system achieves bargaining power

+

Domestic supply better for transportation and can deliver a price premium

  1. Legend:
  2. + Better resilience for distributed symbiotic systems
  3. - Better resilience for comparison facility
  4. = No difference assessable with case data
  5. ? Different risk profiles but not assessable with case data